Doctors will determine your exact dosage. Retin-A is available in .025 percent to 0.1 percent formulations, and depending on your acne and the dose, you may use it as often as twice a day every day, or only once a day every other day. Before applying it, wash your face thoroughly. Do not use any astringent cleanser, and make sure your face is dry before applying. Retin-A will make your skin more sensitive to the sun, so be sure to use sunblock to avoid burning. Side effects include redness, itching, peeling, burning, stinging and irritation. It may take two to seven weeks to see any real results, and you may even see your acne get worse at first.
Medical Background
Retin-A is part of the group of vitamin A derivative medicines called retinoids. Its active ingredient is tretinoin. No one is exactly sure why tretinoin is effective, but it works by loosening the "acne plugs" that exist under your skin, causing acne. They come free and you can then wash them off before they form new acne. It further helps by keeping new plugs from forming so that no new acne appears. Retin-A can be found in liquid, cream and gel formulations. Retin-A Micro is a time-released form of Retin-A meant to reduce skin irritation.
When your muscles are sore from strains, sprains or over-working, nothing feels better than a massage with oil. Essential oils from plants like arnica have been used for centuries to ease sore muscles and help injuries to muscles or tendons. Other oils like juniper, eucalyptus or rosemary have invigorating scents. Juniper, eucalyptus and rosemary can warm the skin around tight muscles, which helps your body relax and repair itself.
Mixing Essential Oils
Never use pure essential oils undiluted, because some are strong enough to irritate the skin in their pure form. Check the labels on the oils you plan to use. Some essential oils are already mixed with a carrier oil like sweet almond oil or olive oil. If the oil is undiluted, you'll have to mix it yourself. For massage oils, use about an ounce of carrier oil to mix the essential oils. Put the carrier oil in a bottle first, and then add the essential oils you wish to blend. Cap the bottle tightly and shake it well until the oils are mixed.
Oils to Use
Arnica is a favorite essential oil for muscle and joint aches. Use it after strenuous activity to relieve pain. If you use it just after an injury, it can decrease the damage. Oils like wintergreen and cayenne or black pepper contain topical analgesics similar to aspirin, and they stimulate circulation in sore areas. Good circulation is necessary to get rid of the built-up lactic acid causing the sore muscles. Lavender, rosemary, ginger and eucalyptus oils are also able to soothe stiff muscles and increase circulation. Add ingredients like chamomile or sandalwood to your essential oil massage blend to make soothing scents to help relax your mind as well as your body.
Use the Oil
You can apply essential massage oil just to the sore area, you can add it to a hot bath or you can rub oils over your whole body. When you massage your body, start with your arms and legs and apply the oil in smooth upward strokes. Rub the oil into your back and stomach next, and then do your shoulder muscles. Always massage towards your heart.
For a soothing bath, pour a half ounce of blended oils into the bathwater and soak for up to half an hour. If you don't have time for a bath, rub your body with the oil before a shower, and plug the drain while you shower.
Aromatherapy is a practice that has been used since ancient times. Many people use aromatherapy to provide a relaxing scent in a room or on the body. Certain essential oils are also used for medicinal purposes in incense and ointments. Essential oils derived from wood such as cedarwood and cypress are used in massage oils, skin lotions and vapor rubs. Essential oils can be extracted from wood using cold press, dry distillation or hydrodistillation.
Dry Distillation
Dry distillation is a process that uses a high amount of heat to extract oils from harder woods. The process starts with a direct flame applied to a pot or vat of the wood material. When the oils in the wood begin to evaporate, they are collected in a vapor pipe and condensed to turn the vapor back into liquid form. Essential oils derived in this way will also contain hints of a smoky odor since the high temperatures have a tendency to burn some of the wood during the process.
The most common essential oils produced with this method are birch tar oil and cade oil.
Hydrodistillation
Another method of extracting oils from woods is hydrodistillation. It is similar to the dry distillation process except large amounts of water are added at the beginning of the process. Hydrodistillation starts with the wood or plant material being submerged into water. The material will soak for a few hours--up to a day--before heat is applied to the mixture.
The second part of hydrodistillation is the same as the dry distillation method. The mixture is heated in a large vat until the water and essential oils together begin to evaporate. The vapor is collected and condensed. Hydrodistillation is used for nuts, roots and wood materials, but can also have a stronger smoky smell than a dry distillation method.
Cold Pressed
A third method for extracting essential oils from wood materials is the cold-pressed method. This method works well for woods, nuts and citrus rinds. It works by using a mechanism to press the oils out of the material. The first stages of the pressed oil will contain an extra amount of water, but this water generally evaporates after a few hours.
The cold-pressed method works well for those who need to use the essential oils quickly. Cold-pressed essential oils have a short shelf life and can spoil more quickly than those from other methods of extraction.
Tags: essential oils, Essential oils, begin evaporate, cold-pressed method, distillation method, distillation process
The Lifestyle Lift procedure was developed by Dr. David M. Kent in 2001 and has enjoyed increased popularity since it's creation. The Lifestyle Lift may be popular but it is not without critics. The Lifestyle Lift is a relatively simple and safe procedure that is designed to make the jaw, neck and chin area look younger. The Lifestyle Lift procedure is minimally invasive. However, you need an experienced board certified plastic surgeon with a background in facial plastic surgery to perform this procedure.
Lifestyle Lift Objectives
The Lifestyle Lift is classified as a minor plastic surgery procedure that is designed to give you major benefits. The Lifestyle Lift was created specifically to make the chin area more taut, soften frown lines, diminish facial wrinkles and tighten the neck. The Lifestyle Lift procedure combats the signs of facial aging by getting rid of excessive amounts of fat and tightening the muscles on the face and neck.
Lifestyle Lift Claims
Plastic surgeons that perform Lifestyle Lift procedures claim that the procedure will reverse the signs of age that are caused by gravity, unprotected and extensive exposure to the sun, and other issues such as stress and pollution. The Lifestyle Lift procedure is supposed to diminish the appearance of folds on the face and remove jowls on the lower part of the face.
The Actual Procedure
The Lifestyle Lift is a plastic surgery procedure that is generally performed as an in-office procedure under a local anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision at the hairline by the front of each ear. After the incision is made, the skin is pulled until the facial wrinkles are smoothed out. Extra facial skin is cut away and liposuction may be used to remove fat from the chin and eye area. Sutures are used to collect and tighten muscles. The skin on the neck is then pulled and sutured. Liposuction may also be used on the neck area to remove excess fat.
Who is A Good Candidate?
A good candidate for a Lifestyle Lift is a man or woman who has jowls or a droopy chin and neck. As with any elective surgery, patients should be in good health.
The average age range is early 40's to mid 50's. Men and women with significant wrinkling around the eye area with fat deposits are generally not completely satisfied with claimed Lifestyle Lift results.
Finding a Plastic Surgeon
Check out the credentials and board certifications of the proposed surgeon. Plastic surgeons should be board certified in plastic surgery and certified for Lifestyle Lift surgery. Insist on seeing before and after photos of Lifestyle Lift procedures actually performed by the surgeon you are considering.
Try celery fresh or eat seeds for high blood pressure.
Celery, whether in leaf, stem, root or seed form, has been used for centuries as an herbal remedy. Components of celery can reduce the effects of high blood pressure. These include potassium, which helps to regulate water in the body, and pthalide, which improves blood flow by relaxing the smooth muscles in blood vessels. Adding celery to your daily regimen may help you control your blood pressure in a more natural way.
Instructions
1. Eat 1/4 lb. of raw celery each day.
2. If you can't handle eating that much raw celery, create an infusion of celery seed by steeping one to two crushed seeds with boiling water for around 20 minutes and drink it.
3. Other ways to increase your celery intake include taking 1 to 2 tsp. of a tincture of celery or celery seed extract internally up to three times a day. Also use the leaves and roots of celery to make tea, or juice the celery and enjoy it straight or combine it with other juices for a healthy drink.
4. Incorporate celery in other foods such as soups and salads to increase your intake.
5. Try celery seed tablets or oil capsules from your local health food store or online resource. Follow the dosage recommendations on the package.
Tags: blood pressure, celery seed, high blood, high blood pressure, increase your
Women get tested for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) by having blood tests, pap smears and pelvic exams. For men, STD exams involve both blood tests and swabbing of the penis. STD exams for men are considered extremely accurate, and screen for syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia, genital herpes and HIV.
Tests for Syphilis
Often, the first STD screening men undergo is a syphilis screening exam. The doctor will both visually examine the genital area (looking for a sore called a chancre on the penis, rectum or mouth), and also feel the neck for swollen lymph nodes. Depending on how long the doctor suspects the patient may have had syphilis, he also does a blood test (which screens for syphilis-specific antibodies) and checks the patient for rashes, warts, fever, muscle aches and other flu-like symptoms.
Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Test
Since gonorrhea and chlamydia are similar STDs, they are screened using the same tests. First, the doctor will ask the patient if he has burning with urination or unusual discharge from the penis, which are key symptoms for both STDs. Then, the doctor will either insert a cotton swab up the urethra (the urination hole on the penis) to collect a urine sample, or have the patient urinate in a cup. The urine sample is sent to a pathology lab, where pathologists check for antibodies. If there are gonorrhea or chlamydia-specific antibodies, the test is positive.
Genital Herpes Test
Genital herpes are easy to diagnose when there are symptoms, though these symptoms may not always occur immediately after the initial infection. The symptoms include genital warts, blisters and sores. Abnormal discharge from the penis is another symptom. These lesions are usually painful because they are filled with bacteria. To definitively test for herpes, the doctor will insert a swab into one of the sores to collect a bacteria sample. The doctor may also collect discharge from the penis. The doctor then sends the samples to a pathology lab, where pathologists do a culture test, in which the sample is placed in an area where it may grow. If it grows, the sample contains the HSV virus that causes genital herpes, which means the test is positive for herpes.
HIV Test
As with other STD tests, the HIV exam tests for antibodies in the blood and body fluids. During an HIV test, a doctor will do an EIA (enzyme immunoassay) test that involves drawing blood and checking the blood sample for antibodies under a microscope. If the EIA test is positive, the pathologist then does a western blot exam, which involves placing proteins from the blood or oral fluid on a test strip. The pathologist then adds a special gel to the test strip that stimulates the antibody reactions specific to HIV. If these reactions occur, then the test is positive for HIV.
Tags: doctor will, test positive, discharge from, discharge from penis, from penis
Initially, diets and weight loss pills may result in a loss of a few pounds, but many are so difficult or expensive to maintain that they cannot be continued. The Tapas Acupressure Technique has proven to be effective for weight loss in studies by The National Institutes of Health. Acupressure is a centuries-old technique that can be done at home. Utilizing specific pressure points can aid in weight loss.
Point GB21
Acupressure point GB21 is located on the back of the shoulder where the neck meets the shoulder (directly above the nipple line). Apply gentle pressure to this point on both sides of the shoulder for 1 minute. Initially, there will be some discomfort, but it will ease after a few moments. It may be easiest to have someone apply pressure to this point for you while you are lying on your stomach, or you will need to hold the position.
Point B1
Look in a mirror when finding this acupressure point. It is by the inside corner of your eye. Gently press on the area and rub in the direction of the bridge of the nose. Apply the pressure for 1 minute. There will, again, probably be slight discomfort when rubbing this pressure point. Rub the pressure points by both eyes in the same way.
Ying Tang
This pressure point is directly in the middle of the nose. Look in a mirror again to find it. Visualize that a line has been drawn directly down the middle of your nose. The pressure point will be slightly above the inner corner of the eyes in the middle of the nose. Pain might be experienced but continue rubbing for 1 minute. By the time the minute is over, the pain should have eased.
Point GV26
This pressure point should be easy to find but use a mirror if necessary. It is located in the indentation above the top curve of the lip and below the nostrils. Feel for the raised flesh; that is the pressure point. Apply gentle but firm downward strokes for 1 minute. Be careful not to press too hard because this tissue is sensitive and too much pressure could cause bleeding of the gums or front teeth underneath the skin.
Point CV17
Pressure point CV17 is located on the sternum, halfway between the nipple line. Find a comfortable position either sitting or laying down while applying pressure to this point. Apply firm but gentle pressure in upward strokes for 2 minutes. This area might be more sensitive to pain than some of the others, but the pain should pass after a few moments.
Tags: pressure point, pressure this, pressure this point, this point, after moments, Apply gentle, gentle pressure
It is a misconceived notion that only women can have breast cancer. That is a false statement, and it is entirely possible for men to have breast cancer. In fact, studies have shown that 1% of all breast cancer patients have been men. This article will go over some of the male symptoms of breast cancer. If caught early enough, there is a greater chance that men can overcome the cancer and make a full recovery.
Skin Dimpling
If the skin around the nipple area starts to "dimple" or "pucker," it is recommended that men should make an appointment for a consultation with a doctor. There is a chance that this retracted pocket of skin could have a cancerous tumor underneath that is causing the skin to pucker.
Redness and Scaling
Another sign of breast cancer in men can be abnormal redness or scaling around the breast area. If your skin starts peeling or looking like snake skin, it could be a chance that something is wrong with your breast area. Skin redness is another symptom of early breast cancer in men.
Nipple inversion
One of the more subtle signs of breast cancer in men can be seen through the nipple. If your nipple is turning inward, this can be a sign that you have breast cancer.
Lumps
Because men have less fat and skin than women do in the breast area, lumps are far more detectable. If the tumor is big enough underneath the skin, a lump will form and protrude. This lump could be cancerous, and a doctor may recommend a lumpectomy, which is the most common breast cancer procedure. It is the removal or reduction of the lump underneath the skin. If caught early on, the removal can prevent cancer from spreading or starting if you are still at a stage 0. However, if you do have a lump in your breast and you are a male, it may not be breast cancer. So it is important to go to a doctor to get this diagnosed. There is a possibility that it could be gynecomastia, which is a benign, noncancerous condition.
Nipple Discharge
Most nipple discharge coming from men is abnormal. This could be a sign of cancer, and this should be looked at, and if necessary, treated right away.
Prevention
The best way to know whether or not you have breast cancer is to go see a professional if anything looks or seems unusual. If treated early enough, breast cancer can be beaten. For example, stage 1 breast cancer has a 98% survival rate. It is possible for men to get breast cancer, so don't ignore any symptoms. Make a doctor's appointment the minute you notice something different about your breast region.
Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, have breast, have breast cancer, breast area, chance that, your breast
Hallux valgus, more commonly known as a bunion, is a bump on the base of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. It is frequently asymptomatic but more severe cases can cause the big toe to become displaced, resulting in a swollen and tender joint.
Instructions
1. Wear larger shoes that have deep, wide areas around the toes. The heels should be low or completely flat with good arch supports. Tight or narrow shoes with heels will apply pressure to the joint on the big toe.
2. Use caution to avoid rolling the foot inward while walking or running. Excessive pronation also can put pressure on the big toe, causing bunion formation.
3. Keep the big toe from drifting toward the other toes over time because of loose ligaments, a previous injury or amputation of the second toe. This will push the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe away from the foot and against the side of your shoe. This may also occur in cases of hammer toe where the joint of the second toe rises.
4. Check for a family history of bunions. Flat feet, which is linked to bunions, is an inherited trait.
5. Eliminate ways for the long bone (metatarsal) of the little toe to bend away from the foot. This can cause the little toe to bend inward, resulting in enlargement and swelling of its joint. This is a similar condition and is known as a bunionette when it occurs on the little toe.
Tags: away from, away from foot, from foot, little bend, metatarsophalangeal joint
Chiropractic care can make a difference in the lives of people suffering from epilepsy. The realignment performed on the spinal column by the chiropractor relieves pressure on nerves that may contribute to seizures.
Causes
Seizures, electrical miscommunications between the brain and the nerves that cause convulsions, spams, peculiar sensations and other symptoms, sometimes result from subluxation. Subluxation involves a spinal misalignment that puts pressure on nerve cells, interfering with normal nerve transmissions and causing abnormal electrical impulses.
Adjustment
Chiropractors correct spinal misalignment by gently shifting the bones back into their correct position. Instead of treating the epilepsy itself, the chiropractor treats the misalignment that causes nerve problems that either produce the seizures or make them worse, according to Stone Chiropractic.
Effects
Once the chiropractor has eliminated or reduced the spinal subluxation, the nerves can resume normal function. In the case of epilepsy caused by another condition, the improved nerve function can at least reduce the severity and frequency of the seizures. An International Chiropractic Pediatric Association study of 15 epileptic children found that all 15 experienced good results from the treatment.
Ketosis is a condition characterized by the body burning fat for energy. As a byproduct of severe carbohydrate restriction, ketones develop in the blood and these are used to fuel the body instead of glucose. Some of the body's organ's prefer the fuel of ketones rather than glucose. That being said, an individual who goes into ketosis can also expect to lose weight.
Instructions
1. Cut your carbs. In order to get into ketosis, you need to eat a low amount of carbs. Cut back on starchy foods, breads, pastas and grains. To get into ketosis, you need to restrict your daily total of carbs to about 100g or less. It also usually takes a few days before you actually get into it. (See resources link for amount of carbs for ketosis.)
2. Eat your protein. Protein is a staple in a ketogenic diet. It helps to keep muscle preserved, and it also has a high thermic effect on the body. This means it takes the body a lot of energy to break it down leading to a higher metabolism. According to the book "The Ketogenic Diet," you should get 150 grams of protein a day your first three weeks in ketosis, then adjust it to 0.8 grams per pound of body weight thereafter. If you exercise, then you should get 0.9 grams per pound of body weight after the first three weeks.
3. Get keto test strips. These test strips are used to check your urine to see if you are still in ketosis. Do routine checks every couple days.
4. Do some cardio. Perform aerobic activities for 45 to 60 minutes three to four days a week that are light to moderate in intensity. Do fast-paced walking or light intensity biking, swimming or elliptical training. This will increase caloric expenditure and overall weight loss.
5. Build some muscle. Building muscle can also add to your weight loss as it is metabolically active. Do exercises that target the chest, shoulders, back, triceps, biceps and legs. Being in ketosis will also mean that your muscles are getting plenty of protein for preservation. Avoid really heavy lifting and high-intensity bursts like sprinting and plyometric training. Some examples of exercises are bench presses, shoulder presses, back rows, overhead tricep extensions, bicep curls and lunges.
6. Drink a lot of water. Water is very important anyway, but it is even more important when you are in ketosis because ketosis has a tendency to cause dehydration. There is no specific guidelines for water intake while in ketosis, but the Institute of Medicine recommends that men get 3 liters a day and women get 2.2 liters a day.
Tags: into ketosis, amount carbs, body weight, first three, first three weeks, grams pound
Can You Have Lap Band SurgeryAfter Gallbladder Removal?
Lap band surgery, or adjustable gastric banding, is a surgical procedure in which an adjustable band is placed around the stomach to limit the amount of food a person can eat, helping him lose weight.
Gallbladder Removal
According to UFirstHealth.com, about 500,000 patients have their gallbladders removed every year in the U.S. Most often, the gallbladder must be removed due to gallstones. Sometimes the gallbladder does not function properly for other reasons and needs to be removed.
Lap Band Surgery and Gallstones
After lap band surgery, the rapid weight loss can trigger the development of gallstones because it upsets the balance of bile salts to cholesterol. According to Dr. Charles Callery, about 11 percent of lap band surgery patients develop gallstones and must have their gallbladders removed.
Removing the Gallbladder During Lap Band Surgery
To prevent the need for future gallbladder surgery, some surgeons simply remove the gallbladder during the lap band operation. People can live long and healthful lives without a gallbladder, and removal of the gallbladder does not affect the placement or function of the lap band.
Lap Band Surgery After Gallbladder Removal
Obese people are more likely to develop gallstones than people of normal weight, so many lap band patients have their gallbladders removed before they have lap band surgery. Having no gallbladder does not prevent a person from having lap band surgery, and it usually causes no complications with the surgery.
Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgery
According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, the only potential complication that prior gallbladder surgery might cause during lap band surgery is that the patient may have developed scar tissue from the gallbladder removal. Then it might become difficult for the surgeon to perform lap band surgery laparoscopically, and he may have to do an open procedure.
Tags: After Gallbladder, After Gallbladder Removal, band surgery, Band Surgery After, gallbladder does
Dogs are generally harmless, but injuries and fatalities regularly occur because of dog bites. If you are bitten by a dog, the most important thing to do is to clean the wound as soon as possible, and keep it as clean as possible until it heals.
Lacerations and Bruising
The most common injuries resulting from a dog bite are a laceration and bruising. This occurs from the impact of the bite. Seek medical attention if you are unable to stop the bleeding or if the wound does not heal normally.
Infection
The most common infection is pasteurellosis, which occurs because of a bacteria that is found in the mouth of all dogs. If your wound is red or swollen, or more painful than normal, you might have an infection and should seek medical attention.
Fractures
Another common injury is fracture. Bones can break from the pressure of the bite or because the dog knocked you down while biting you. Broken bones should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible to prevent further injury.
Rabies
Rabies is a virus that infects dogs and can be transmitted to people. If you are bit by a dog, ask the owner to see its rabies vaccination certificate. If the dog does not have a current rabies vaccination, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Head Injuries
Head injuries are also common, especially in small children who are likely to be bit in the face and/or head. If a child suffers trauma to the head because of a dog bite, he should receive prompt medical attention.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Many people suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder after being attacked by a dog. If you are having trouble coping with your experience, it is best to talk to a medical professional to obtain advice for coping.
Tags: medical attention, most common, rabies vaccination, seek medical, seek medical attention
Most reported nursing home abuse falls into the category of neglect, such as bed sores or not maintaining proper sanitation. However, there are many other types of nursing home abuse, and the practice is not rare. According to the online Elder and Nursing Home Abuse Legal Guide, experts estimate that for every reported case of nursing abuse, about five more go unreported (see Resources).
Physical
Nursing home employees can physically abuse residents by hitting, kicking, slapping or any other harmful physical action.
Sexual
Sexual abuse also occurs, and is identified as any kind of sexual activity that occurs without the consent of the resident.
Punishment
Some nursing home employees punish residents in harsh ways, such as isolating them or subjecting them to painful restraints.
Emotional
Insulting residents, threatening or frightening them, or depriving them of their belongings, are examples of another type of nursing home abuse, defined as emotional or psychological abuse.
Neglect
Neglect is the most common type of abuse, including not maintaining clean living quarters or personal hygiene, not dispensing medication, or depriving residents of food and water.
Tags: home abuse, home employees, nursing home, nursing home abuse
AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus alters the ability of the immune system to work properly, thereby severely disabling it from defending the body from disease. Getting tested for HIV refers to testing for the HIV antibodies.
What Are Antibodies?
An antibody is made by the immune system in order to label, or identify, and neutralize a virus or other invasive objects in the body. Antibodies are found in the blood and other fluids in the body. HIV antibodies do not fight the virus, and they do not kill the virus. There is no known cure for the AIDS virus at this time.
Traditional HIV Tests
HIV tests are traditionally performed under the supervision of a medically trained individual working within a clinical setting. This test is called the enzyme immunoassay test. The test involves extracting blood from the patient and then testing it for antibodies. Blood samples are sent to licensed laboratories for testing. Results can take several weeks to be returned to the clinic, which means the patient must make a second visit. Technologies are in place to test without the need to send samples off-site, with results usually returned within 20 to 30 minutes. These tests are provided within clinical settings and do not necessarily involve extracting blood but can use oral fluid instead.
Other HIV Testing
HIV testing products have also been developed by non-medical personnel. While these products generally involve swabbing the inside of the mouth, they can also use a finger pricking method or use blood serum, plasma or whole blood as specimens. The testing is still performed by a laboratory. The sample is placed in a vial along with a preservative used to stabilize the sample. The vial is then shipped per the manufacturer's recommendations. This testing is referred to as Rapid HIV Antibody Testing by the CDC (Centers For Disease Control) and is sometimes used by insurance and human resource departments.
At-Home HIV Testing
Performing an AIDS test at home is easy and requires no special knowledge or training. The only test approved for at home use by the Food and Drug Administration is called the Home Access HIV-1 Test System, and it can be purchased from local drug stores. This AIDS testing kit involves pricking the finger and placing the blood on a card. Everything needed is provided with the kit. The user then mails the card to a licensed laboratory. Along with the kit comes a unique identifying number or code that is used to collect the results from the laboratory.
Testing Positive
If results from a rapid or at-home HIV test are positive and show the patient has the HIV virus, a follow-up test should be conducted. Contact a local clinic or follow the directions of the health care provider supplying the initial results. Clinics involved in AIDS testing will usually provide counseling and treatment explanations for those testing positive and those asking to be tested.
Why Get Tested?
Identifying the virus in the body allows a treatment to be chosen. Treatment cannot rid the body of the virus, but it can reduce the action of the virus. Even with treatment, a person still carries the virus and can infect others. Treatments have been shown to extend the life of the patient.
Tags: AIDS testing, extracting blood, immune system, results from, testing antibodies, within clinical
Stress is a common part of everyday life whether it be at home or at work, mental or physical. We deal with stress in a variety of ways trying to cope with the various aspects of life that upset us. High amounts of stress can pose various health problems, including chest pain. Chest pain can feel like an uncomfortable tightening of the chest along with sharp, stabbing pains.
Mental Stress
Mental stress can lead to anxiety and panic attacks. When a person is experiencing an anxiety or panic attack she may feel as though it is difficult to breathe, and she may also have chest pain. This type of chest pain can be controlled by using medications to relieve mental stress disorders and by focusing on regulating your breathing. Typically, chest pain related to mental stress will go away on its own.
Physical Stress
Physical stress can put an excessive demand on a heart, healthy or otherwise. The heart works hard to keep blood pumping to the other vital organs of the body and when physical exertion is thrown in the mix the heart must work even harder. Too much physical exertion can cause chest pain. If you experience chest pain after exercise or exertion, contact your physician immediately.
Stress and Blood Pressure
Elevated levels of stress can cause your blood pressure to go up. In people who already have high blood pressure, this can put you at risk for stroke and heart attack. One of the most common symptoms of a heart attack is chest pain and chest tightness. If you feel as though you are stressed out, try stepping back from your stress factor and practicing methods of stress control to reduce the risk of chest pain.
Methods of Stress Control
If you are experiencing any form of stress disorder, you should speak with your physician about therapy or medication to control the stress. Practice even breathing techniques to control bouts of anger related to stress or try taking a quiet moment away from your cause of stress by reading or going for a walk. Physical stress can be controlled by sticking to what you are capable of doing.
Quick Fact
According to the Noninvasive Heart Center, "Fluid retention as a result of stress also may cause chest pain. A victim of stress-induced fluid retention may put on as much as 5-10 lbs. in 24 hours. Such fluid retention can be eliminated and prevented with diuretics."
Tags: chest pain, anxiety panic, blood pressure, cause chest, cause chest pain
Rabies is a preventable viral disease carried by mammals. It attacks the central nervous system and causes encephalopathy, or a breakdown of brain and nervous tissue, which ultimately leads to death.
How Do You Contract Rabies?
Rabies is contracted from the bite of an infected animal, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Less than 10 percent of incidents are a result of domestic animal bites; the majority of cases are from wild animal bites. The virus is transmitted through saliva.
How Is Rabies Treated?
Rabies is treated with a series of injections. First you are given a fast-acting shot of immune globulin (a blood product with antibodies to rabies virus), near the site where you were bitten. This shot prevents the virus from infecting you and should be given as soon as possible, according to the Mayo Clinic.
You are then given a series of six injections of rabies vaccinations over a 28-day period that continues to help your body learn fight off the virus and become immune. These shots are delivered in the deltoid muscle of your arm.
Symptoms Of Rabies
Early symptoms of rabies, according to the National Institutes of Health, include a fever, headache and fatigue. As the virus attacks your brain and central nervous system you will experience confusion, difficulty swallowing, excessive salivating (foaming at the mouth), hallucinations and finally paralysis.
If You Suspect Rabies
If you have been bitten by an animal and are unsure whether it carries rabies, seek medical attention immediately. The Mayo Clinic recommends, for example, if a bat enters your house and you are unsure if it has bitten anybody, assume you've been bitten and seek treatment accordingly. If possible, capture the animal and have it tested for rabies.
Tags: animal bites, been bitten, central nervous, central nervous system, Mayo Clinic, nervous system
The Universal Health Claim Form (HCFA-1500), is accepted in most states and is submitted on behalf of a patient who is covered by medical insurance. In order for a claim to be processed by an insurance company, there are key pieces of information which must be included to prevent a claim from being delayed or denied.
Instructions
Guidelines for Submission
1. Verify the patient's insurance eligibility by obtaining her insurance card and calling the customer service number located on the back of the card. The majority of insurance eligibility verification is done via an automated phone system.
2. Use the patient registration form, to complete items one to 13. If a signature was obtained on an assignment of benefits form during registration, "SOF" or signature on file can be inserted in block 12 and 13. Otherwise, the patient is required to sign these two fields.
3. Locate the diagnosis code on the encounter form and enter the code in block 21 on the claim form. If more than one diagnosis is provided on the superbill, be sure to enter all of them in the spaces provided.
4. Enter the dates of service in section 24a, the place of service (POS) code, type of service (TOS) code and procedure codes in boxes 24 b, c and 24d. Section 24f is used to input the cost for each procedure.
5. Provide the physician's identification number in block 25, checking the appropriate box to indicate whether it is the provider's Social Security number or employer identification number. Insurance companies require the identification number on a claim form to bill for the services performed.
6. Physician's signature
Ensure the physician signs box 31. If a stamped signature is used, the stamp must be completely inside the box to be accepted. Include the physician's physical address in box 33 and the POS physical address in box 32 if other than the physicians home office.
Strokes occur when brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients because of a narrowing blood vessel or a blood clot, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Symptoms of strokes include numbness or tingling on one side of the body, vision problems, slurred speech, difficulty walking and clumsiness. Without immediate medical intervention, serious complications can occur. However, 80 percent of all strokes are preventable if people take precautions, the National Stroke Association says.
Healthy Weight
One key way to guard against strokes is maintaining a healthy weight or losing excess weight, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. People who are overweight or obese and have a body mass index, or BMI, of 25 or more increase their chances of having a stroke. Normal weight varies from person to person, but normal BMI ranges between 18 and 24.9. Proper nutrition and exercise help you maintain a healthy weight. A healthy diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains, is low in sodium and saturated fat, and excludes processed or fried foods. You can maintain a healthy weight by getting at least 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day.
Control Blood Pressure and Diabetes
Two other key risk factors for strokes are high blood pressure and diabetes, the National Stroke Association says. People who consistently have blood pressure readings higher than 80/120 increase their stroke risks. The American Diabetes Association says normal blood sugar readings range from 126 milligrams per deciliter, or mg/dl, to 140 mg/dl. Mg/dl measure the amount of glucose passing through the bloodstream. People with diabetes and high blood pressure must follow doctors' recommendations, take prescribed medications and pursue a healthy lifestyle.
Tobacco and Alcohol
Smoking and drinking large amounts of alcohol increases stroke risks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that three years after people quit smoking, they reduce stoke risks. Over-the-counter, holistic and doctor-recommended methods help people quit smoking. Limit alcoholic drinks to one beverage a day.
Control Cholesterol
The National Stroke Association says that people should know their cholesterol level as a precaution against strokes. High cholesterol indicates that arteries could develop plaque, which narrows arteries and decreases blood flow. Total normal cholesterol readings are less than 200. LDL, the "bad" cholesterol, increases a person's risk of having a heart attack or stroke. Doctors sometimes prescribe drugs to control cholesterol and recommend lifestyle changes for patients with high cholesterol as ways to decrease stroke risks.
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that alters the heart's ability to work properly and effectively. The National Stroke Association says that people with this condition can develop clots that could block vessels carrying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Doctors use electrocardiograms to diagnose patients with atrial fibrillation. Remedies include blood thinners, such as aspirin, or warfarin and other prescription drugs.
Tags: Association says, National Stroke, National Stroke Association, Stroke Association, Stroke Association says
It's difficult to enjoy the wonder of pregnancy, when you're spending a great deal of time feeling sick to your stomach. According to BabyCenter.com, morning sickness affects 75 percent of pregnant women---and doesn't necessarily occur in the morning. It usually begins around the sixth week of pregnancy and continues until the end of the first trimester, at 13 weeks. However, while you're experiencing it, you don't care about what "usually" happens, all you want is to put a stop to it as soon as possible.
Eat a small, salty snack
Sometimes nausea in pregnancy is caused by having an empty stomach. If you find this to be the case, keep a small, salty snack (like crackers) with you at all times, so that when queasiness strikes, you have something to put in your stomach right away. If you get classic morning sickness and feel ill upon waking, keep the crackers by your bedside so that you can eat something even before you get up for the day.
Eat Ginger
Ginger has long been determined to be an effective morning sickness remedy. There are many ways to get ginger into your diet. You can chew on a piece of peeled ginger, make ginger tea by adding 2 tbsp. of grated ginger to boiling water, eat crystallized ginger (usually available in health food stores) or eat ginger cookies.
Take Vitamin B6
For some women taking an extra dose of vitamin B6 puts a stop to morning sickness. According to Baby Center, a woman may safely take between 10 and 25 mg of vitamin B6 a day to control nausea and vomiting. Check with your doctor before taking any supplement. Excessive levels of vitamin B6 can cause numbness and nerve damage.
Acupressure
Acupressure can provide relief from morning sickness. You can buy acupressure bands, a soft, cotton band worn around your wrist, at most drugstores. The wrist band has a small piece of plastic that stimulates an acupressure point on the underside of your wrist, relieving the wearer of feelings of nausea. You can also stimulate the key acupressure points yourself. Maternityacupressure.com provides directions on stimulate three different areas of the body to rid yourself of morning sickness.
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus responsible for causing AIDS in millions of people worldwide. First discovered in the early 1980s, HIV is a type of lentivirus that attacks the immune system in its host, usually after first residing in the host without causing any symptoms for many years. Once the virus begins battling the immune system, a complex group of symptoms begins, leading to AIDS and subsequent complications and death. Due to the widespread prevalence and serious consequences of HIV, becoming familiar with how this virus is spread could be a lifesaver--literally.
Today, research exists that demonstrates HIV initially began as a virus in African monkeys, and then crossed species to infect humans. Although we don't know for sure how this happened, several theories exist that hypothesize how such a leap could have occurred. One theory explains the viral transfer via the hunting and eating of affected monkeys, followed by quick spreading due to overcrowded and dirty conditions in many African towns. Another cites the introduction of the oral polio vaccination into Africa as the culprit, while a third maintains that the virus was man-made and deliberately inflicted. However, even if agreement regarding the initial cause of HIV to mutate and cross species-lines is never reached by the masses, most experts concur on how HIV is spread from person to person.
Scientific evidence supports the fact that HIV is not airborne,waterborne or insect-borne. Instead, HIV is transmitted by contact with bodily fluids from an affected person. Sexual intercourse with a person with HIV, reusing needles that have been in contact with an affected person's blood, and receiving a blood transfusion from infected individuals all can lead to acquiring HIV. However, urine is not considered to be a mode of infection, as urine is sterile. Also, infants may catch HIV from affected mothers during the birthing process or breastfeeding. Because of the manner in which HIV is spread, certain populations are more at risk than others. People who have multiple at-risk sexual partners without using condoms or drug addicts who share needles with multiple users can actually increase the rate at which the disease spreads. On the other hand, utilizing safe-sex practices including condoms, practicing monogamy, and only using sterilized, new needles helps reduce the spread of HIV.
Tags: affected person, contact with, from affected, immune system
Decorative lamps, also called "effusion lamps," use alcohol and fragrance as the "oil" which is only lit for a few minutes and then snuffed out. Once the flame is extinguished, the lamp will continue to permeate the home with the fragrance for up to 16 hours. Effusion lamps will destroy all odors and bacteria in the air. The lamp and oil is available for purchase, but the oil can be made at home.
Versatility
Due to the popularity of effusion lamps, the lamps are versatile and much safer than candles. Effusion lamps burn at approximately ¼ of the temperature that traditional candles burn. Effusion lamps have a stone burner with a wick attached. The wick extends down into the oil. Once the wick and burner is saturated with the oil, light the burner. After 3 minutes, extinguish the flame and the fragrance is emitted throughout the home.
Recipe
Items needed to make effusion lamp oil includes effusion lamp, 16 oz. of 91 percent isopropyl alcohol; ½ oz. distilled water, ½ oz. fragrance of essential oil; plastic container and measuring cup.
Combine the liquid ingredients in a plastic bowl with a lid. Attach the lid and shake lightly. This is a safe mixture for home use. After the ingredients are mixed, remove the stone burner, wick from the lamp and pour the oil into the lamp. Do not fill the lamp more than ½ full.
Replace the wick and stone in the lamp. Light the wick, and let it burn 3 minutes. Blow the wick out and place the effusion cap (the cap with holes) over the wick. The lamp will produce a fragrance until the lamp is empty. The lamp fragrance usually lasts 12 to 16 hours. When the lamp is empty, or if the user is ready to stop the lamp, replace the effusion cap with the snuffer cap (solid cap). This snuffs out the burner. Allow the lamp to cool.
Safety Considerations
While in use, the lamp needs to be in a location that is free from drafts. Additionally, set the lamp in a location that will prevent it from being turned over. As with any heat source, the lamp should never be left unattended.
Essential oils come in a variety of scents. Certain scents produce certain moods. For example, jasmine calms the nerves and spearmint relieves stress and fatigue.
A runny nose caused by a cold, mucus accumulation or an allergic reaction is one of the most common complaints ever. When you have a cold, your nose produces extra mucus to fight germs. In the case of an allergy, the allergens are treated by the nose as germs, and the nose produces additional mucus to flush them out, which causes a runny nose. Though there is no magic pill for this condition, there are some things you can try to help you get relief from the symptoms and help you feel better.
Fluid Intake
As you will be losing a lot of water from your body when you have a runny nose, you need to stock up on that lost water with as many fluids as you can drink. Have soups, broths, green teas, lime water and fruit juices with vitamin C, which also will help you fight your cold. Drink at least 10 glasses of water every day, and ensure that your urine has a light color.
Medication
If you are in the habit of popping over-the-counter pills for relief, try antihistamines such as Claritin and Allegra, available at any pharmacy. If these make you feel sleepy and slow, ask your primary-care physician for a prescription nonsedating drug. Avoid taking too many medicines at one time. Take the medicine that treats the particular symptom you are suffering from due to your allergy. Sometimes an oral decongestant can help, too. Also, if you are on some regular medication, consult your doctor in case some of the medicines might be causing your runny nose. Apart from a nose spray, one of the safest and best drugs you can get with a prescription is Cromolyn, which works by stabilizing nose cells and aids them in offering resistance to contact allergens. When such medication fails, the doctor may suggest steroidal drugs or allergy injections to treat severe conditions.
Sinus Cures
Sometimes an infection in the sinuses causes the nose to become watery. In such cases, your doctor may recommend a nasal douche. Use homemade saline water by mixing 1/4 tsp. of salt with 4 oz. of water, or use the store-bought variety. Put the water in the cup of your palm, sniff it through your nose and blow it out through a nostril, one at a time. This will soothe your sinuses and offer relief from the runny nose. You also should remember not to blow too hard through the nose if your ears get blocked. Steam inhalation is another way to tackle this issue.
General Measures
Use a humidifier at night to moisten your nasal membranes. Make it a point to clean out your humidifier every day with vinegar in order to prevent the formation of mold or fungus. Eating hot, spicy foods, or dropping a little heated mustard oil in one nostril at a time, have been known to help, too. If you are in the habit of exercising regularly, do not stop because you have a runny nose. If you are not feverish or don't have a bad cough, walk or do light exercises to rouse your body into activity and help it battle the cold better. If you know you are allergic to certain foods or plants that cause your nose to run, avoid them at all costs. Keep the dust level down in all of your furniture, bedding, linen and closet spaces by a regular cleaning regimen.
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes sudden weakness in the lower part of the body that escalates and spreads to the arms and upper body. While there is no cure for Guillain-Barre Syndrome, the good news is that symptoms can be managed and the severity of the disorder can be eased with two treatments. To treat Guillain-Barre Syndrome, doctors may recommend plasmapheresis or high-dose immunoglobulin therapy. Read on to learn treat Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Instructions
Consider Plasmapheresis
1. Evaluate plasmapheresis with your doctor. With this therapy, the liquid portion of your blood, or plasma, is removed and separated from the blood cells. The blood cells are then put back into your body, producing new plasma. When plasmapheresis is used to treat Guillain-Barre Syndrome, it is believed that the process removes damaging antibodies that have spurred the body's attack on its own immune system.
2. Educate yourself about plasmapheresis. The process takes several hours and is done on an outpatient basis. As you sit in a reclining chair, a tube will be placed in one arm to remove the blood, which is then separated and replaced through another tube on the opposite side.
3. Understand that plasmapheresis is usually not painful, although there can be discomfort at the sites where the tubes are placed.
4. Expect to receive medication to prevent the blood from clotting. The amount of blood removed from your body is likely to be less than what you would donate during a blood drive.
5. Expect to receive four to six plasma exchanges during an eight- to 10-day period.
Treat GBS With IV Immunoglobulin
6. Consider intravenous immunoglobulin as a possible treatment for Guillane-Barre Syndrome. High doses of immunoglobulin treat Guillain-Barre Syndrome by blocking harmful antibodies that contribute to the disorder. The immunoglobulin is given through an IV, and the treatment usually takes several hours.
7. Know what to expect from intravenous immunoglobulin. Your doctor may recommend treatment for one to five days, and the dosage will depend on your body weight and the severity of your symptoms.
Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements are commonly used to ease joint pain due to arthritis or injury. While they have not proved effective for everyone who suffers chronic joint pain, many consumers have found them helpful, and there is scientific evidence that they can be effective in some circumstances. Since these compounds are present in the body naturally, found in healthy cartilage, most users have no significant side effects from the use of them in supplemental form.
Functions
Glucosamine is an amino sugar that is produced by the body to aid in the manufacture and repair of cartilage, which is the fibrous substance that is present in the body's joints, helping to cushion and protect them. Chondroitin is a natural compound found in healthy cartilage also, helping to provide it structure, as well holding water and nutrients essential for the health and proper function of the joints.
Supplements
Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements are widely promoted as a means to support joint health. Aging can lower the levels of these compounds naturally present in the body, leaving the weight-bearing joints vulnerable to deterioration. These compounds, in supplement form, have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, which brought them into popular use as a remedy for joint pain and inflammation. Other claims associated with these supplements are that they can aid in the treatment of osteoarthritis and hasten the healing of joint injuries.
Support
A number of studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements in the treatment of joint pain. Among these is a study done by the Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy, which found chondroitin more effective than commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at reducing inflammation in clinical trials done on patients with osteoarthritis. In another study, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, long term use of glucosamine supplements were shown to slow the progress of knee osteoarthritis, as well as reducing symptoms, such as pain and inflammation by as much as 20 to 25 percent.
A study funded by The National Institute of Health, known as the GAIT study, results showed that the use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements in those with moderate to severe arthritis pain proved beneficial, with 70 percent of these participants seeing a 20 percent or greater reduction of pain.
Doubt
While many studies support the use of these compounds in the treatment of joint pain, others have shown results that are not as promising. For instance, the GAIT study results state that participants with mild arthritis pain found little benefit from the use of glucosamine and chondroitin, and a subset of participants who were followed for 18 months after the GAIT trials showed no significant difference in the progression of disease with the use of these supplements.
Cautions
Individuals who are allergic to shellfish may wish to avoid glucosamine supplements that are derived from seafood sources, seeking out those from vegetable sources, such as corn, instead. As of 2009, no formal assesment exists regarding the safety of using these compounds as a dietary supplement for women who are pregnant or nursing. A quite rare, but notable, side effect that is possible when glucosamine and chondroitin are taken in combination is a temporary increase in blood pressure.
The lungs are organs responsible for the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Pollutants like smog, cigarette smoke, and everyday chemicals can lead to decreased lung function, as can conditions like asthma and influenza. Fortunately, there are a variety of herbal and nutritional supplements that can help protect lung function and provide symptom relief during infections.
Herbal Supplements
Mullein is among the most frequently recommended herbs for respiratory conditions. According to WebMd.com, the alkaloids in mullein may have the ability to fight influenza and the bacteria that cause infection in the lungs. Mullein has been used for centuries and is considered safe as a food additive by the FDA, according to NaturalStandard.com. Other possible indications for mullein include asthma and bronchitis.
Mullein can be taken in supplement form or as a tea. To make a soothing tea, add 1 tbsp. of dried leaves to one cup of boiling water, steep for 10 minutes and strain. The recommended dose of mullein for treating respiratory conditions is 2-3 cups of tea or 1-2 droppersful of tincture two-to-three times daily.
Horehound is another popular remedy for respiratory complaints. Lozenges and candies made from horehound have been used as a natural cough remedy for centuries. According to AltMD.com, horehound has expectorant properties that make it useful in treating asthma, cough, sore throat, and the common cold. Although its use in cough drops has been banned by the FDA since 1989, European-made lozenges like Ricola that contain the herb are available in the U.S., according to Medline Plus.
Other herbal supplements that may be helpful in maintaining healthy lung function include licorice, slippery elm, and fenugreek.
Vitamins and Minerals
In addition to a daily multivitamin, single nutrients can be taken separately for their ability to protect lung function.
Vitamin E is among the most potent antioxidants of the vitamin world. It works by taking up residence in cell membranes and shielding lung cells from harm caused by pollutants like smog and smoke. According to MotherNature.com, nonsmokers taking vitamin E have half the risk of developing lung cancer compared to those not taking the supplement. The recommended dose of vitamin E supplements is 600 IU daily.
Vitamin C is another vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. According to Harvard.edu, subjects ingesting 200 mg of vitamin C daily scored better on lung capacity tests than those taking higher or lower doses of the supplement. While citrus fruits are an excellent source of vitamin C, acerola cherries and guavas are the best food source of the vitamin, according to NutritionData.com.
Other nutrients with potential lung strengthening properties include vitamin A, vitamin D, and selenium.
Safety Precautions
Herbs and supplements can change the way certain medications affect the body. To avoid unwanted interactions, talk to your doctor before adding a supplement to your lung health regimen.
Tags: lung function, among most, been used, like smog, protect lung, protect lung function
When fat deposits build up on the inside of arteries and harden, they cause plaque. This is called hardening of the arteries, or arthrosclerosis. The American Heart Association reports approximately 75 percent of heart disease deaths are attributed to hardening of the arteries.
As plaque buildup grows, the oxygen and blood supply flow is reduced. The function of the heart, brain and other organs are unable to function properly due to the impeded blood circulation.
If the artery becomes completely blocked by hardened fat deposits, the tissue supplied by the artery can die.
No symptoms are apparent in the early stages of hardening of the arteries.
Major Organs Affected by Hardening of the Arteries
Hardening of the coronary arteries can cause heart attack, angina, abnormal heart rhythms and congestive heart failure.
Hardening of the arteries of the brain, or cerebral arteries, can cause stroke and transient ischemic attack.
When the carotid artery is affected, blood supply to the brain is diminished. This condition, called cerebrovascular disease, usually is seen in adults over 50.
Peripheral vascular disease occurs when the arteries supplying the legs are affected by hardening of the arteries.
Risk Factors You Can Change
Hardening of the arteries does not have a proven cause, but there are factors have been identified that help the development and progression of the disease.
Changes in lifestyle could substantially reduce risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise and unhealthy diet.
Risk Factors You Cannot Change
Until menopause, women are at lower risk of hardening of the arteries than men. Advancing age increases the risk of arteriosclerosis, as well as family history of heart disease or high cholesterol.
African Americans are at risk as they are prone to high blood pressure at an early age.
Symptoms of Hardening of the Arteries
Until the artery is sufficiently blocked, hardening of the arteries seldom causes symptoms. Sometimes the first symptom is sudden cardiac death.
Coronary symptoms can include sweating and anxiety with shortness of breath and chest pain.
Numbness, loss of speech, blindness, difficulty swallowing or partial paralysis can be symptoms of arteries to the brain being blocked by hardening of the arteries.
Peripheral vascular disease can cause leg pain or skin damage as the blood supply is lost due to hardening of the arteries. In severe cases, skin wounds may refuse to heal and complications could lead to amputation.
Hardening of the arteries can also affect the kidneys, causing kidney failure.
Treating Hardening of the Arteries
Stopping the progression of hardening of the arteries includes medication, angioplasty and surgery, but it is preferable to diminish the symptoms with lifestyle changes.
Bringing blood pressure, blood sugar levels and lipid levels within range by diet and exercise or medication will help restore blood flow.
Smoking raises carbon monoxide, which can constrict already narrowed arteries.
Balloon angioplasty, stenting and bypass surgery can keep blood flowing through arteries affected by hardening of the arteries.
Glioblastoma brain tumors are a part of the family of tumors called astrocytomas, which form from star-shaped supportive cells in the brain. Glioblastomas are the most malignant form of astrocytomas. According to the International RadioSurgery Association, 50 percent of all astrocytoma tumors diagnosed are glioblastomas. The association also states that 13,000 people die from malignant brain tumors each year, with 23 percent of this number having glioblastomas. Men are more prone to this type of brain tumor than women. Other names for glioblastoma brain tumors are glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV astrocytoma and GBM.
Cause
The cause of most brain tumors is unknown. One reason that is known for brain tumors is changes to the genetic structure of the brain. These structural changes are either inherited or caused by environmental factors. Sometimes a combination of both factors is responsible. Genes that are mutated or missing lead to abnormal cells that multiply if malignant. Certain chemicals, radiation therapy, viruses and electromagnetic fields are environmental factors connected with the development of brain tumors. The International RadioSurgery Association states that 5 percent of primary brain tumors are caused from inherited genes only.
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with glioblastoma brain tumors include headache, dizziness, behavioral changes, memory loss and seizures. Other symptoms include abnormal pulse or breathing rates, walking and speaking problems, problems with eyesight such as double vision, and vomiting.
Diagnosis
A brain tumor is diagnosed with a neurological exam and MRI, CAT scan or both. A CAT scan with and without dye will probably be done to determine the tumor's size and location. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy may also be run to measure the mineral and chemical levels in the tumor. The results can help determine if the tumor is malignant or not, but a definitive diagnosis of malignancy is only possible after direct microscopic examination.
Treatment
The first option for treating glioblastoma brain tumors is most often surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, make a definitive diagnosis and reduce pressure on the brain. After surgery, radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells in the remaining tumor and surrounding area, and chemotherapy to kill cancer cells or alter the cells either stop growth or make cancer cells act and look like normal cells, are also employed.
Considerations
Glioblastoma brain tumors can happen to people of any age, but those over 50 are more susceptible.
Thin acupuncture needles are inserted to target symptoms.
The ancient Chinese healing art of acupuncture uses fine stainless steel needles placed strategically in the skin to target health problems. While the Chinese consider it a question of rebalancing one's life energy, Western medicine lends greater credence to the idea that acupuncture needles animate nearby nerves and interrupt pain response. Acupuncture is, in fact, a common alternative treatment for chronic pain sufferers. The Mayo Clinic suggests its use for the possible relief of chemotherapy-induced nausea, migraines and back pain. To practice acupuncture safely and accurately for the benefit of the patient, you must complete extensive training. The American Board of Medical Acupuncture recommends that you attend an educational program accredited by their organization. Many accredited programs are designed for students who are already medical doctors.
Tri-State College of Acupuncture
Acupuncturists employ single-use sterile needles.
TSCA offers a 300-hour licensure course in clinical acupuncture that meets all necessary requirements for certification in the state of New York. This Integrative Medicine Program is designed for doctors and dentists as a complementary licensure. Acupuncture can be integrated into traditional practice for pain relief and treatment of many conditions
Acupuncture Integrative Medicine Program
Tri-State College of Acupuncture
80 Eighth Avenue, Suite 400
New York, NY 10011
212-242-2255
www.tsca.edu/site/prospective/doctors/
University of Miami
The University of Miami's Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine has a 105-hour accreditation course in basic acupuncture for medical doctors.
The Art and Science of Acupuncture: Basic and Advanced
University of Miami
PO Box 016960 (D-79)
Miami, FL 33101
305-243-4751
www.cam.med.miami.edu
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Acupuncture for physicians training is available in Brooklyn, NY, at Downstate SUNY Medical Center. Students of their program are trained to treat fibromyalgia, toothache, colitis and infertility, among other disorders. Sixty-six hours of instruction, supplemented with required video viewing comprise the curriculum.
Medical Acupuncture at Downstate
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
450 Clarkson Ave., Box 1244
Brooklyn, NY 11203
718-270-4563
www.downstate.edu/ocme
Tags: Integrative Medicine, Medical Center, University Miami, acupuncture needles, College Acupuncture
Ventilators are machines that are used to artificially breath for an individual who is unable to do so on their own. They are typically in use in certain portions and wings of hospitals. These ventilators can use various methods to do this. Ventilators also have to be highly reliable and very sensitive about when to generate each breath.
Identification
Ventilators are medical devices that assist in breathing when an individual is unable to do so on their own. In an emergency setting, mechanical ventilation is typically started after intubation. During this process, a tube is inserted down the patient's throat. This tube serves as the place where the air is delivered.
History
The first ventilator came into use during the first polio epidemic and was called the "iron lung." In 1949, a ventilator for use during anesthesia was developed at Harvard by John Haven Emerson. The modern version of the ventilator, which is is entirely gas-propelled, was developed in 1952 by Roger Manley in London. This version is similar to ventilators in use today.
Types
There are two main types of ventilators. The most primitive is a negative pressure ventilator. Negative pressure ventilators use a vacuum to generate negative pressure within the chest, causing the chest to expand. This allows air to flow in. When the lungs have filled with air, the vacuum is sealed off, allowing passive exhalation. The other type of ventilator is a positive pressure one. More modern, it pushes air into the lungs and allows the natural buildup of pressure then to cause exhalation.
Features
Most modern ventilators have setting that allow for different volumes of air to be pumped in accordance with the size of the patient's lungs. In addition, since most people "sigh" naturally about 6 to 8 times an hour, many ventilators will have a setting which will periodically deliver more air to artificially reproduce a sigh. There are also settings that can vary the concentration of oxygen in the air delivered, as well as altering the end volume of air in the lungs after each breath.
Considerations
Artificial ventilation is required when natural respiration is not sufficient for the patient. This can occur due to acute lung injury, as well chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ventilators can also be used when it is clear that there is extra effort needed to breath, thus assisting the patient without overexerting them. They are also often used during surgery to ensure that the patient's breathing does not slow too much.
Tags: each breath, have setting, individual unable, individual unable their, negative pressure, unable their
Cytotoxic drugs are toxic to cells. They are commonly used in chemotherapy and to treat lupus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Chemotherapy is a systemic type of treatment, which means it works on cells throughout the body and not just cells in one place. More than half of people who are diagnosed with cancer will receive chemotherapy at some point in their treatment. This article offers a brief overview of the cytotoxic drugs that are used in treating cancer. If you have any questions or concerns about the drugs you are taking, it is best to ask your physician.
Types
Chemotherapy can be administered in a variety of ways. People most often think of intravenous infusion, but it also can also be delivered in pill form, by a simple injection or deposited into the spinal cord fluid or abdominal cavity, depending on the type of cancer and the individual.
Classes of Cytotoxic Drugs
There are many classes of cytotoxic drugs, each working in a specific way on cells.
Alkylating drugs cause damage to DNA and prevent cells from replicating. They work in all phases of the cell cycle and are used in a wide variety of cancers. Drugs in this class include nitrogen mustards like Cytoxan and nitrosoureas. The platinum-based drugs like carboplatin and cisplatin occasionally are classified as alkylating agents because they behave in the same way.
Antimetabolites disrupt the DNA and RNA of cells, which prevents growth. Drugs in this category include capecitabine (known by the brand name Xeloda), gemcitabine (Gemzar) and 5-fluorouracil.
Anti-tumor antibiotics are a third group of cytotoxic drugs. Anthracyclines fall into this group. These drugs disrupt enzymes that are needed for replication of the DNA. A danger with anthracyclines is that in high doses, they can damage the heart, so monitoring is important. Doxorubicin (known by the brand name Adriamycin) and epirubicin are anthracyclines. Other anti-tumor antibiotics that are not anthracyclines include bleomycin and actinomycin-D.
Mitotic inhibitors are a class of drugs that disrupt mitosis, or cell division. They also prevent cells from replicating. Taxanes fall into this group, as do vinca alkaloids. Specific drugs that are mitotic inhibitors include paclitaxel (brand name Taxol) and vincristine (Oncovin).
There are other kinds of cytotoxic drugs, such as corticosteroids, or drugs that do not fit into any one category.
Other Cytotoxic Therapies
Targeted therapies are still systemic therapies, but rather than attack all multiplying cells as in chemotherapy, they attack only cancer cells. Hormone therapies are also used in treating cancer, such as breast cancer, uterine cancer and prostate cancer. Immunotherapy is a new kind of cytotoxic therapy. These drugs help the body's immune system to better attack cancerous cells. Immunotherapy is not the same as chemotherapy.
Side Effects
Cytotoxic drugs cause different side effects in different people. These can vary depending on the drugs used and dosage. Blood cells commonly are affected by these drugs. White blood cells aid the body in fighting infection, and chemotherapy suppresses white blood cells, making an individual more susceptible to illness. Platelets and red blood cells also are suppressed with chemotherapy, making the individual more prone to bruising and fatigue. Other side effects of cytotoxic drugs include nausea and vomiting, loss of hair, mouth sores and loss of appetite.
Warnings
As with any treatment, if you are taking cytotoxic drugs, talk to your doctor about any other medications you might be taking, both prescription and over-the-counter. It is important to follow up with your doctor with appointments and tests and report any side effects that concern you.
Tags: drugs that, brand name, side effects, blood cells, cells from
The skin is perhaps our most important organ. It helps regulate our body heat and keeps viruses and bacteria out of our body. However, the skin is also prone to suffering from many different problems, from acne, to eczema and even simple aging. There are many different treatments, both medical and natural, for the skin. Acupuncture is a skin treatment that is growing in popularity.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese healing method used to this day. It involves sticking a series of needles throughout various points of the body. Acupuncture has been used to treat conditions ranging from nicotine addiction to simple pain relief. There are many theories as to why acupuncture might work. One theory states that pain is more complex than simple nerve receptors, and that acupuncture helps stimulate the blockage of pain by the brain. Another theory maintains that the needles stimulate processes in our body that we don't yet understand. It's important to note that acupuncture is still being tested for scientific veracity, and has yet to be effective in treating any problem. Most evidence about the effectiveness of acupuncture is testimonial.
The Process
Acupuncture is a complex process. Before putting a single needle into your skin, an acupuncturist will consider your skin condition, general health, diet and exercise routine, if you have any. After deciding the placement of the needles, he will slowly and carefully insert needles into your skin, which will only go an inch or so into your skin, maybe a little more. Depending on your condition, you can have anywhere from 20 to 100 needles inserted into your skin. During this process, the acupuncturist will play soothing music to relax you, and you will be taking slow, careful, considered breaths. After the needles have been inserted, you will sit for a period of time with the needles in your body, anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour, before the needles are removed.
The Benefits
Acupuncture has many alleged benefits for the skin. Sites such as Amazing Healing state that acupuncture can help firm skin, reduce and soften wrinkles, even the color of your skin, and reduce or eliminate acne scars. They also claim acupuncture is an excellent way to have a scar-free face lift. As most face lifts are surgical and leave scar tissue behind, acupuncture has the benefit of leaving no scar tissue. Remember there is little true scientific backing for these claims, even if acupuncture has been used for centuries.
The Drawbacks
Acupuncture is a generally safe procedure but there are drawbacks. One problem is that it is not a very powerful face lift. Though it leaves no scar tissue, it doesn't actually eliminate wrinkles and skin imperfections as fully as surgery. If you want complete renewal of your face, you won't get it from acupuncture. Acupuncture also has the potential to cause serious bruising. Luckily, bruising is easily treated and not a serious condition. More seriously, acupuncture has the potential to damage muscles and cause numbness or even nerve damage. This usually happens when the acupuncturist is either unskilled or a novice and pushes the needles too deep or into the wrong place. These problems are rare.
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