Jellyfish-infested waters are a risk to swimmers.
Sharks may be the ocean's most feared inhabitant, but the jellyfish is more likely to put a damper on swimming in the ocean. This creature uses its tentacles to deliver a sting as a hunting or defense mechanism. Toxins released from the tentacles are intended to kill or at least paralyze predators. However, the effect on humans is one of minor discomfort. While most species do not pose a serious threat, it's still essential to understand the risks--and respond to a sting.
What Happens
The stinging cells in a jellyfish's tentacles are known as nematocysts, which are filled with venom. A single tentacle can fire thousands of nematocysts into the skin. When a jellyfish's tentacles come into contact with a swimmer, for example, the creature releases venom that causes a stinging or burning sensation.
Treatment
Exiting the water should be the first priority after a sting. Any attached tentacles might have to be removed using an object such as a stick. The nematocysts still lingering on the skin must be inactivated. Dr. Paul Auerbach, an emergency physician at Stanford University Hospital, recommends regular household white vinegar as the best antidote to North American jellyfish venom. Apply the vinegar by soaking a paper towel or cloth and placing it over the sting for 30 minutes. Other treatments include baking soda, household ammonia, lemon or lime juice and unseasoned meat tenderizer. Contrary to popular belief, urine has no proven benefit in easing the pain of a sting.
Reactions
After a sting, a victim usually experiences a rash with a burning sensation that can last 24 to 48 hours. The pain of a sting can subside with the help of an over-the-counter pain medication. A victim should seek immediate medical attention after becoming severely ill, experiencing trouble breathing or swallowing and continuing to suffer extreme pain. These symptoms may be a sign of an allergic reaction.
Dangerous Stings
A victim who follows proper treatment should recover within a few days. However, the sting can turn lethal depending on the species. A sting from an Australian box jellyfish may lead to cardiovascular collapse within minutes unless an antidote is administered immediately. The jellyfish that pose the most risk are found in warm, temperate oceans. Take extra caution to bring first aid supplies before swimming in these waters and seek medical attention immediately after a sting.
Tags: burning sensation, jellyfish tentacles, medical attention, pain sting