Gingivitis and periodontitis are both diseases of the gum caused by accumulated bacteria around the teeth. They occur when there is a buildup of plaque and the bacteria within causes inflammation of the gums. Gum disease can affect one or many teeth, depending on the severity of the infection.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease caused by improper cleaning of the teeth and gums. Symptoms include red, bleeding and swollen gums but little to no pain. It is easily treated with home care.
Periodontitis Overview
If gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to become periodontitis, in which the bacteria get under the gum line and cause it to break down. Teeth can eventually become loose and fall out of the mouth. There are a few distinct forms of periodontitis.
Risk Factors
Smoking, diabetes, crooked teeth, pregnancy and taking certain drugs (like steroids) can increase the risk of gum disease.
More Symptoms
In addition to sore gums and bleeding, chronic bad breath, loose teeth and a change in bite structure can be signs of gum disease.
Treatment
There are an array of treatments for gum disease, including home treatment, surgery, laser surgery and implants. The severity of the disease determines the type of treatment required.
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