Planning
Before planning your handicap ramp, you will need to know more about the person who will be using it and where it will be built. You will also need to check with your local authorities to determine if you will need a permit to build the ramp and to make sure that your plans will be in compliance with all of the required building codes. You can use metal, wood or concrete to build the ramp. A simple wood ramp works well and is inexpensive to build but needs to be kept clean of debris and may become slippery when it rains or snows.
Requirements
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for a handicap ramp are very specific with regard to slope, width and landings. According to the ADA Accessibility Guidelines, the slope of the ramp has to be a maximum of 1:12. Slopes can be less, given certain considerations, particularly if a steeper slope makes it more difficult for a person in a wheelchair to navigate the ramp. Landings at the top and bottom of the ramp must be at least as wide as the ramp itself. The ramp must have a clear width that is a minimum of 36 inches. You may also need handrails for your ramp, depending on the incline, width and needs of the person using the ramp.
Additional Considerations
You will need a detailed plan, sufficient supplies such as sturdy wood, and a calculator to build a handicap ramp that is ADA compliant and works well for the person who needs it. Have all of your documentation ready for an inspector to ensure you are also in compliance with local building codes and ordinances. Have a copy of the ADA Accessibility Guidelines with you to check against minimum specifications when planning and building your ramp.
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