Root canal x-ray, photo by sanantoniorootcanals.com
The root canal
A root canal is a procedure that specialized dentists (or endodontic specialists) perform to repair and save a severely decayed or broken tooth. The "root canal" itself refers specifically to the space inside your tooth that contains the soft innards (pulp) and nerves. In a healthy tooth, this pulp is usually encased in a material called dentin, which in turn is protected by a layer of enamel. When unchecked tooth decay or some type of crack exposes the pulp, it is then in danger of inflammation, infection, abscesses (pus-filled areas of infection), and in severe cases, death of the pulp itself.
Symptoms a root canal is required
If you need a root canal, it's likely you know something is wrong. Teeth that are root canal candidates are usually extremely painful, sensitive to temperature and discolored. You may also experience headaches or soreness in your jaw. In cases where the tooth has become infected, there may be swelling of the cheek and neck, or drainage of pus into the mouth.
It's essential to see a dentist immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
The root canal procedure
First, the dentist will examine the tooth and take x-rays to see how far the decay has progressed or the depth of the crack/break. If the tooth requires the procedure, then the dentist will perform the procedure (if she is qualified) or refer you to an endodontic specialist.
The procedure is fairly straightforward. The dentist or endodontic specialist will numb the area or provide sedation. She then drills a hole into the crown of the tooth. Using the x-rays taken of the tooth or an apex locator (which uses electrical current to measure root canals) she calculates the length of the actual root canals, since they will need to be cleaned and filled all the way to the bottom.
Using thin files and fine drills, she will remove the pulp from the root canal, ensuring that all decay is also eliminated. She will then clean the canal thoroughly and fill the opening, canal and roots with a temporary filling material to protect the tooth from infection and food particles.
She will then make an appointment with you for a follow-up visit (usually within one month) when she will replace the temporary filling with a crown or permanent material.
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