A contusion is another word for a bruise. When a blunt object hits the body it can crush the muscle fibers and connective tissues beneath the skin. Blood pools, causing a bruise. If enough blood collects between the tissues it can form a lump called a hematoma. If the hematoma does not reduce after several days, a doctor may need to drain it surgically.
Features
Muscles suffering from contusions often feel weak. Range of motion may be limited due to damaged tissue or because of pain. Normal activity should not be resumed until healing is complete and full range of motion has returned.
Effects
For the first day or two minor contusions that do not require hospitalization can be treated with RICE: rest, ice, compression and elevation. When resting the affected area, protective devices such as a sling or crutches may be needed. Ice wrapped in a cloth and applied for 20 minutes will help reduce pain and swelling. A bandage can be used to lightly wrap the area to help support the structures and prevent swelling. Raising the injury above the heart is another way to reduce swelling.
Potential
After the swelling has gone and the pain is lessened, rehabilitation can begin. Gentle stretching will help to restore range of motion. Gradually add weights to strengthen muscle tissue.
Types
Severe contusions can develop complications. Extreme bleeding and swelling inside a muscle group can build up pressure. The resulting lack of blood flow to the muscle group can cause a compartment syndrome, where the muscle tissue can begin to die. Immediate surgery is required to drain the collected fluid.
Significance
Because there are fewer muscles and no bones in the abdomen, contusions to this region can result in serious organ damage. Severe contusions to any part of the body should be examined by a doctor. An MRI, ultrasound or CT scan may be needed to check for nerve damage.
Warning
Cerebral contusions can occur in the case of head trauma. Where the brain bumps against the inside of the skull minor bleeding can cause a bruise to form on the brain, and swelling inside the brain may result from a brain contusion. Individuals taking blood thinners, such as aspirin or Coumadin, are at risk of severe bleeding even in cases of minor injury. Signs of a brain contusion include drowsiness, memory loss, dizziness, vomiting, sudden weakness and increase in pupil size on one side.
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