Treatment for burns varies depending on the layers of skin involved and the size of the affected area. Minor burns can generally by treated at home, but major burns require medical treatment. Individuals who have experienced a second-degree burn or worse should seek emergency medical care.
First-Degree Burns
A first-degree burn affects the outer layer of skin. First-degree burns are characterized by red-colored skin, swelling and pain. When the first-degree burn affects only a small area, treat it as a minor burn. Treatment can be more aggressive if a large area of skin on the face, groin, buttocks, hands or feet are burned. Large areas of burned skin should be treated as a major burn.
Second-Degree Burns
A second-degree burn affects the top layer and second layer of skin. This burn usually produces blisters, and the skin will become red and splotchy. Pain and swelling will be severe. A small second-degree burn no larger than 3 inches in diameter can be treated as a minor burn. Second-degree burns that cover a large area of skin on the face, groin, buttocks, hands and feet should be treated as major burn.
Minor Burn Treatment
Cool the burn by holding it under a faucet with running cold water or immerse the burn in cold water. A cold compress can be used. It could take five minutes for cold water to alleviate the pain. Aloe vera can be applied to alleviate some discomfort. Cover the burned area with a gauze bandage without putting pressure on the area. Take Ibuprofen, acetaminophen (Tylenol) or naproxen to reduce pain.
Major Burn Treatment
Major burns require medical treatment. While waiting for treatment, do not remove clothing touching the area. Also, do not treat a large area with cold water because it could trigger shock. Elevate the burned area, and cover it with a cool, moist bandage or cloth. Antibiotic ointments can be prescribed to prevent infection.
Warnings
Do not put ice directly on a burn.
Do not use medicated ointments, butter or oil to treat a burn.
Do not break open any blisters that might form. Resist the urge to scratch skin as it heals.
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