If given using standards of protocol, a blood transfusion can save lives. But it is of the utmost importance that a blood transfusion be given correctly and safely; otherwise, the consequences could be dire indeed. There are safety checks and steps to be followed that usually ensure that blood is transfused in a safe manner. Most medical facilities follow the same policies and procedures.
How the Process of Blood Tranfusion Begins
Number one on the list of requirements for a safe blood transfusion is a doctor's order. A blood transfusion cannot be given by a nurse without this essential directive. The order is then usually routed to the laboratory to either type-and-screen the patient or to cross-and-type the patient. This is done to ensure the patient will receive the type of blood that can safely be administered to her. If the wrong type of blood is transfused, the patient could actually die.
Quality Control: Who Checks the Blood?
Usually two nurses are required to check the blood to be transfused. They check to make sure it is the correct patient, correct blood type, correct medical record number and correct patient wristband number assigned to the unit(s) of blood to be transfused. They also check for outdated blood and if the blood is negative or positive. They both must sign their names to the permanent record.
Assuring Safe Administration of Blood
Before giving a blood transfusion, the nurse should test the patency of the intravenous line through which the blood will be given. A set of vital signs also should be taken before the transfusion begins. If there are any abnormal vital signs, the physician should be called. During the administration of the transfusion, vital signs are usually taken at 15-minute intervals. If there are any adverse reactions to the transfusion, such as an elevated temperature or hives, the transfusion should be halted and the physician called.
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