High altitudes can cause serious medical conditions.
Driving and climbing up mountains or flying in airplanes at high altitudes can be dangerous. Thinner air and a lack of oxygen at high altitudes can make it hard to breathe. These conditions are a warning sign that you have elevated too high and too quickly and you should seek medical treatment immediately.
Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness occurs when you travel to a high altitude at a rapid pace and your body does not have time to adjust properly. You should not climb more than 900 to 1,500 feet a day. Symptoms include headaches, irregular or rapid breathing and increased urine production. The best thing to do is wait at the altitude you are at for one to three days before going higher. At each level, allow your body time to adjust.
Acute and Moderate Mountain Sickness
Acute mountain sickness can cause you to lose balance, vomit, cough and feel dizzy and sleepy. If this happens, you should descend at least 1,500 feet. Moderate mountain sickness is a less serious condition that can cause fatigue and headaches but is not life threatening. It is important not to ascend higher and instead wait one to two days to adjust and let symptoms subside before going higher. Repeat the process at each higher altitude.
High Altitude Cerebral and Pulmonary Edema
High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) are both very serious medical conditions that can result in death if not treated. They occur when fluid collects in the brain or lungs, respectively. The symptoms of HACE include a loss of motor function, vomiting, sleepiness and hallucinations. HAPE can also cause blue lips and heavy breathing. If you suspect either illness is affecting you or someone else, immediately descend from your current location.
Other Problems
Frostbite is common at high altitudes. Frostbitten skin appears white at first and then turns red. It will feel numb and then start to hurt. Snow blindness can occur at high altitudes but can be prevented with goggles. Wearing sunblock is important in preventing sunburn, which occurs because you are much closer to the sun and have less protection from ultraviolet rays because of the thinner atmosphere. Nose bleeds are also common because of the drier air. If this happens, pinch your nose for several minutes. If this does not stop the bleeding, seek medical attention.
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