Alcohol has a widespread impact on the central nervous system, which consists of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves that spread throughout the human body. On multiple levels, the effects of alcohol are numerous, and in some cases can cause severe damage or death.
Initial Effects
Upon the initial consumption of alcohol, the blood-alcohol level starts to increase as the alcohol moves from the stomach into the blood; the rest is absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine. It reaches the central nervous system quickly and suppresses the ability to feel pain, judgment, thoughts, memories and reactions.
Deceptive Depressant
Initially alcohol seems to act like a stimulant, as it depresses the senses and pain receptors of the body and a person's inhibitions are lowered. The "stimulation" is the depression of self-control.
Blackouts and Memory Loss
If chronic or prolonged alcohol consumption continues, the central nervous system will not be able to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen to the brain over time. Research has shown that inadequate oxygen supply causes blackouts and memory loss.
Brain Cell Death
Heavy alcohol consumption causes red blood cells to clump together, which can clog capillaries and small blood vessels and cause them to burst, killing brain cells. This is called "sludging" and can also lead to hemorrhaging in the esophagus and the stomach.
After-Effects of Alcohol
Withdrawal effects can include agitation, irritability, sleeplessness, "morning shakes" and tremors. Depending on the amount and length of consumption, hallucinations and delirium during withdrawal are also possible, sometimes for a few days after a drinking binge. Medical supervision may be needed.
Tags: central nervous, central nervous system, nervous system, alcohol consumption