Yellow nail syndrome is an extremely rare medical condition that may have a genetic component and is associated with certain other disorders. As of 2008, only about 150 cases had been reported, according to "Dermatology Online Journal." The syndrome typically begins in middle age or older but can occur at younger ages. Treatment usually is not successful, but the DOJ notes that about 30 percent of the cases resolve on their own.
Symptoms
Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by the fingernails and toenails becoming thick and turning yellow or greenish-yellow. The nails grow slowly and become loose from the skin by developing a hump. Typically the cuticles disappear, and the nails may stop growing altogether. The unattractive appearance of the nails can be distressing to the affected person.
Primary Lymphedema
According to the New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated, about 80 percent of people with yellow nail syndrome also have primary lymphedema, a rare hereditary condition involving abnormal lymphatic vessel development. Secondary lymphedema, in contrast, is caused by any condition or procedure that damages the lymph nodes or vessels, such as surgery or infection.
Lymphedema and Yellow Nail Syndrome
Lymphedema involves a buildup of lymph fluid that causes swelling in parts of the body. In people with yellow nail syndrome, lymphedema symptoms are most common in the legs. The lymphatic problems usually do not appear until after the nails have changed. Many researchers assume that primary lymphedema is the underlying cause of yellow nail syndrome.
Lung Conditions
Lung conditions also are commonly associated with yellow nail syndrome, and since lymphedema is typically present as well, medical researchers call this a triad. The patient may have recurrent fluid buildup around the lungs, chronic bronchitis or pneumonia, chronic abnormal bronchi dilation or chronic sinus infections.
Genetics
Some reports of yellow nail syndrome indicate it runs in families and is caused by genetic factors not related to lymphedema. Research is conflicting, however.
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