The elderly may be more sensitive to the side effects of ibuprofen, especially side effects involving the digestive tract and kidneys. Ibuprofen can exacerbate the signs and symptoms of existing conditions and can contribute to the development of other pathologies.
Stomach
Ibuprofen blocks an enzyme that is responsible for the creation of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins trigger the formation of a mucosal layer within the stomach. This layer protects the stomach wall from the acids used in digestion. Use of ibuprofen can contribute to the development of holes within this mucosal lining, allowing ulcers to form. Ibuprofen can also cause existing ulcers to worsen.
Bowel
The elderly are more likely to suffer from bowel-related problems. Ibuprofen can cause abdominal cramping. Diarrhea is a more common symptom resulting from ibuprofen use. Constipation is less common, although ibuprofen can be a cause. Increased flatulence may also result. Abdominal bloating can result, whether or not it is accompanied by flatulence or constipation.
Renal Function
People who suffer from congestive heart failure are most likely to suffer from renal impairment. Ibuprofen may reduce the blood flow to the kidneys reducing their effectiveness. Kidneys filter the blood and maintain electrolyte balance as blood flows through the renal arteries. Ibuprofen may also reduce the amount of nutrients and other molecules provided to the renal tissues for proper function. For these reasons, those suffering from kidney disease should not use ibuprofen.
Liver Function
The elderly are more likely to have some liver damage. Elevated liver function tests are more common in the elderly as the liver loses some of its ability to remove bilirubin from the blood and prepare it for excretion. Some liver damage may be present due to medication or alcohol use. Those with liver damage are more likely to experience worsened signs and symptoms due to ibuprofen use. This can include jaundice, nausea, vomiting, edema and worsened liver function tests.
Bleeding
Many of the elderly are on medication to prevent the development of blood clots, or to treat cardiovascular disease. Baby aspirin is often the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of choice for promoting cardiovascular health. Ibuprofen is also an NSAID, although its clot-reducing benefit does not last as long as aspirin (hours compared to days). Ibuprofen can lead to easier bleeding and slow clot times. It can also cause nosebleeds and bleeding gums.
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