Attention-deficit disorder (ADD), now more commonly referred to as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a behavior disorder that is characterized by a physiological impairment of the neurotransmitters in the brain. Basically, this means that the "chemical messengers" of the brain, according to the Mayo Clinic, aren't necessarily used as they would be in someone without ADD/ADHD.
Yet, there is also some evidence that indicates certain areas of the brain, namely those that manage a person's attention and interest, are actually less active in someone with this disorder. This may, of course, have something to do with the neurotransmitter; but, this particular trait could be a result of something else entirely, since the actual cause of ADD/ADHD is still relatively unknown.
Though research is still being performed on attention-deficit disorder, there have been a number of medications and treatments that have shown a positive affect on people living with ADD/ADHD.
Psychostimulants
One of the most common medications prescribed to people with ADD/ADHD would be those drugs categorized as psychostimulants. This specific type of medication essentially balances or regulates those neurotransmitters that are not currently at the appropriate level, or at least the level in which a person can easily focus his attention or have a command over his behavior. When introduced into the system of someone with attention-deficit disorder, the medication, such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, Concerta or Adderall, will ultimately aid in the communication between the nerves, improving concentration, awareness and behavior.
Side Effects of Psychostimulants
While there is usually an improvement in the behavior and focus of someone with ADD/ADHD, psychostimulants do have some potential side effects, including upset stomach, loss of appetite, weight loss, headache, sleeplessness and nervousness. Most side effects from psychostimulants will usually dissipate after the body has adjusted to the medication. However, you should still note any issues to a physician, as your body may be reacting to the drug differently than expected or an adjustment in your dose may be needed.
Nonstimulants
Despite the fact that psychostimulants are the customary choice of treatment for ADD/ADHD, there is another form of "drug" therapy that has been used for the disorder. This type of medication is considered nonstimulant, such as Strattera, but still works on the neurotransmitters in the brain and provides the same basic results as the more established medications, just not as effective.
Side Effects of Nonstimulants
Surprisingly, the nonstimulant medications have some notable side effects as well. Some of the more common would include nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, mood swings, dizziness and fatigue. If you, or your child, have been experiencing any of these (or other) side effects due to nonstimulant medications for ADD/ADHD, contact your doctor immediately.
Therapy
While therapy itself isn't a medication, it is a common and beneficial treatment for ADD/ADHD. And according to the Mayo Clinic, therapy used in conjunction with medication can actually be a very effective and valuable approach to care. Most often, someone with ADD/ADHD will gain positive results from either conventional therapy or behavior therapy. The appropriate method of therapy is really based on a person's age, older kids and adults will typically use conventional therapy while younger children and families will benefit from behavior-based sessions. That being said, it does depend on the individual, and you may find that other forms of counseling are more beneficial.
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