Crystal meth causes teeth to decay rapidly.
Crystal methamphetamine is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that can be taken orally, snorted, smoked or injected. It stimulates the central nervous system, while increasing the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. A heavily addictive drug, crystal meth affects not only teeth and gums but the body's tissues, blood vessels, impulse controls, motor functions and psychological reactions as well.
Meth and the Brain
Crystal meth increases the release of dopamine while simultaneously blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, known as NIDA. Dopamine is partially responsible for motivation, the experience of pleasure and motor function, and is released into the reward centers of the brain. It produces an intense euphoric feeling among users, which is partially responsible for the addiction. Crystal meth can lead to psychological side effects, including visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions and paranoia.
Teeth and Gums
Broken, discolored and rotting teeth are common characteristics of crystal meth users, according to a report from the PBS program "Frontline." Often called "meth mouth," these blacked, rotting teeth are frequently beyond repair and can occur among both short and long-term users. The chemicals in meth, including anhydrous ammonia, which is found in fertilizers, and red phosphorus, which is found on matchboxes, eats away at tooth enamel, leaving weak spots on teeth and gums, which are vulnerable to cavities. Meth users often have strong desires for sugary foods and drinks, frequently grind their teeth and neglect hygiene, including brushing and flossing. Both the drug and side effects of crystal meth lead to the condition known as "meth mouth."
Visual Signs
Crystal meth users will feel an adrenaline rush, which will cause them to participate in many physical activities. Although their self perceptions will be thin and beautiful, to the outside world, they will appear gaunt and frail, "Frontline" notes. The skin of meth users will lose its elasticity and luster, causing users to appear years if not decades older than their actual ages. Users may develop acne and sores on their faces and bodies that will not heal because meth destroys the tissues and blood vessels within the body, restricting the blood flow and healing process.
Side Effects
Crystal meth users may experience rapid or irregular heart rates, increased blood pressures or hyperthermia, which may cause brain damage, according to NIDA. Users' bodies also have a lowered resistance to fighting off illnesses. Insomnia, decreased appetite and increased physical activity are some of the milder side effects meth users may experience. Long-term side effects include liver damage, stroke and paranoia. Users may also pick at the sores that develop because of hallucinations of bugs crawling beneath their skin. Users may also overdose, which may result in death.
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